The Overlapping Burden of Vascular Dementia and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Alarming Mortality Trends Across 25 Years
Javeria Javeid1, Areej Javeid2, Dinesh Kumar3, Wajeeh Hassan2, Armeen Saeed2, Hammad Jehangir2, Zain Nadeem4, syed hashim ali inam5, Usama Ahmed6, usman faisal7, Edwin Serrano8
1University of Florida, Department of Neurology, NCC, 2Allama Iqbal Medical College, Jinnah Hospital, 3Dow University of Health Sciences, 4Allama Iqbal Medical College, 5Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, 6Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical and Dental College, 7CMH Medical College, Lahore Pakistan, 8Medstar Georgetown University Hospital
Objective:
We aim to investigate mortality trends and disparities due to vascular dementia and cerebrovascular diseases (VD-CeVD) among the geriatric population of the United States (US) for the period 2005–2023.
Background:
Age-related vessel damage worsens cognition and memory consolidation; meanwhile, impaired brain functioning further increases the risk of stroke. The co-occurrence of vascular dementia (VD) with cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality among older adults.
Design/Methods:
We used CDC WONDER (2005–2023) to examine mortality due to VD-CeVD between 2005 and 2023, among older adults ≥65 years of age, using ICD-10 code: F01 (VD) and I60-I69 (CeVD). Age-adjusted and crude mortality rates (AAMRs and CMRs) were calculated, followed by Joinpoint regression (v. 5.4.0) to calculate annual percent changes (APC) and overall trends across demographics and settings.
Results:
From 2005 to 2023, a total of 200,450 VD-CeVD deaths were recorded among older adults. Overall, the AAMRs rose notably from 9.38 in 2005 to 40.28 in 2023 [AAPC: 8.46; p<0.05]. Females had higher AAMRs compared to males (22.4 vs 21.13). Among racial groups, Non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks had the highest AAMR (28.53), followed by NH Whites (22.00), Hispanics (18.98), and NH Asians (15.91). Crude mortality rates were highest amongst individuals aged ≥ 85 years (107.77). Regionally, the Western region was the most affected (26.89), with metropolitan areas dominating the non-metropolitan areas (19.33 vs 16.80). State-wise AAMRs ranged between Louisiana and Oregon (7.79 to 40.32 respectively).
Conclusions:
Our analysis indicates that geriatric females, NH Blacks, residents of metropolitan areas of the Western US bear the highest mortality burdens from vascular dementia-related cerebrovascular disease. Future research should further explore the vulnerability and plan effective treatment patterns for high-risk individuals.
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