MRI data were acquired from 96 participants (41 ET, 10 ET with polysomnographic-confirmed RBD, ET-RBD, 45 controls). T1-weighted scans were obtained, and grey matter volumes were estimated across 28 thalamic regions of the AAL3 template (Cat12 toolbox). An adjacency matrix for each group was calculated using Pearson correlation. Group-specific matrices were extracted and nodal measures such as centrality measures and clustering coefficient were calculated. Differences between ET groups were computed using a set of 10000 random networks.
Among analyzed thalamic regions, ET-RBD patients showed increased local strength and weighted clustering coefficient in Geniculate Body and increased Betweenness centrality in Right Pulvinar Inferior Nucleus (p=0.05 FDR-corrected). Moreover, ET-RBD patients showed an increased strength and weighted clustering coefficient in Left Lateral Geniculate Body and Right Medial Geniculate Body, compared to controls (p=0.05 FDR-corrected).
Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that the presence of RBD in ET is associated with an altered structural connectivity in thalamic regions. Our findings support the pathophysiologic role of the thalamus in the complex circuit causing RBD, in this particular ET phenotype.