Investigate and compare the deep-phenotypic characteristics of NDPH with migraine and TTH to determine unique characteristics of NDPH and similarities with other primary headache disorders.

New Daily Persistent Headache (NDPH) as a persistent daily headache with an explicit new onset, can have mixed clinical characteristics of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH), which imposes challenges to the clinical diagnosis and management of the condition.

Adults (n=217) with a diagnosis of NDPH, migraine, or TTH were recruited from the Stanford Headache Clinic between 2014-2024 to complete the surveys.

Clinical characteristics including a higher age at headache onset, higher BMI, higher headache duration, higher headache frequency, and lower time to maximum severity, and less years with headache are observed among NDPH subjects as compared with migraine and TTH, both, and can significantly distinguish between NDPH and the two other conditions.

NDPH patients have reported significantly lower rates of recent changes in headache frequency, duration, and nature as compared with migraine patients, with no significant difference as compared with TTH patients.

NDPH patients have reported significantly higher rates of attacks occurring at the same site, and significantly lower rates of headache at temples as compared with the two other conditions.

Rates of aura among NDPH patients are like migraine patients.

Infectious disease as a precipitating factor is significantly higher among the NDPH patients as compared with the other two groups.

Rates of each trigger and prodrome among NDPH is in-between the other two groups.

Our results confirm the existing knowledge regarding the overlapping features of NDPH with migraine and TTH, and infectious disease as major precipitant of NDPH, and reveal further unique characteristics of NDPH such as time to maximum headache severity, years with headache, age at headache onset, headache duration, and pain location.