This systematic review evaluates the efficacy of bright light therapy (BLT) on depression and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients through a meta-analysis and dose-response regression models.
Non-motor symptoms, including depression and EDS, are highly prevalent in PD patients and negatively impact their quality of life. Pharmacological treatments often cause side effects, highlighting the need for non-pharmacological approaches. BLT has been proposed as a potential treatment, but its efficacy remains uncertain.
Seven RCTs were identified, ranging from high to low quality, of which six were eligible for meta-analysis. For EDS, five studies with total 159 PD patients showed no significant effect of BLT (MD = –1.14, 95% CI –2.43 to 0.15, P = 0.08). Logistic dose–response analysis showed no linear (P = 0.78) or nonlinear (P = 0.97) relationships. For depression, five studies with total 194 PD patients found no significant effect (SMD = –0.13, 95% CI –0.41 to 0.16, P = 0.38), with no linear (P = 0.82) or nonlinear (P = 0.85) dose–response relationships. There was no significant heterogeneity for either outcome (I² = 0%). Results remained consistent in sensitivity analyses.
Current evidence does not support a significant effect of BLT on depression or EDS in PD patients, nor a dose-response relationship with light illuminance. Clarifying its therapeutic role requires larger, well-designed trials.