Parkinson's disease (PD) and epilepsy are two common neurological disorders that have been associated with each other, suggesting a possible shared underlying pathophysiology. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been linked to an increased risk of PD, although the exact mechanism is not well understood. Understanding the relationship between PD and epilepsy, and the potential risks associated with AEDs, is important for improving clinical management of these disorders.

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL) for all relevant studies. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. The primary outcome was the risk of epilepsy in PD.

A total of six studies were included. PD was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy (OR: 2.44, 95% CI [1.89, 3.17]), indicating that individuals with PD may be more likely to develop epilepsy compared to those without PD. AEDs were also found to be associated with an increased risk of PD (OR: 1.54, 95% CI [1.25, 1.89]), suggesting that individuals taking AEDs may be more likely to develop PD compared to those not taking AEDs.

These findings suggest a bidirectional relationship between PD and epilepsy, and highlight the potential risks associated with the use of AEDs. The results underscore the importance of monitoring individuals who are taking AEDs for the potential development of PD. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of these relationships and to develop targeted interventions for individuals with these conditions.