Electroencephalogram Features of DLB in Mild Cognitive Impairment Stage and Its Correlation With Clinical Progression: A Scoping Review
Mahmoud Tarek Hefnawy1, Amr Hassan2, Ibrahim Serag3, Rehab Diab4, Ahmed Azzam5, Mohammed Ahmed Ali6, Mohamed Diab7, Ahmed Negida8
1Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Mansoura, Egypt, 2University of California, Irvine, CA, USA., 3Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, 4Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt, 5Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Giza, Egypt, 6Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt, 7Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, 8Virginia Commonwealth University
Objective:
This study aims to present EEG features in MCI patients at risk for developing DLB, highlighting the distinct neurophysiological patterns and their correlation with clinical progression.
Background:
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is a transitional phase between normal cognition and dementia, with many individuals progressing to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB).
Design/Methods:
Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this scoping review included studies involving subjects diagnosed with DLB or AD in the MCI stage and normal controls, utilizing EEG to identify specific features. A comprehensive search was conducted across four major databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library) from inception to September 2024, employing structured search terms related to EEG, MCI, and DLB. Four independent researchers performed a three-phase screening process, ensuring rigorous selection. Data extraction included study characteristics, participant details, EEG features, preprocessing, and correlations with clinical symptoms.
Results:
A Final 10 studies were included with sample sizes ranging from 83 to 160. EEG recordings were mostly conducted during resting-state, using the 10-20 electrode placement system, with preprocessing techniques including artifact removal and spectral analysis via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) or eLORETA. Key findings indicate that MCI-DLB patients exhibit lower individual alpha frequency (IAF), increased delta activity, disrupted intrahemispheric alpha source connectivity, and cognitive performance as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was positively correlated with alpha2 and alpha3 EEG connectivity. Microstate analysis revealed increased occurrences of specific EEG patterns associated with visual hallucinations in MCI-DLB subjects.
Conclusions:
This study underscores distinct EEG features in DLB-MCI compared to AD-MCI, with lower IAF and greater delta activity in DLB patients. These EEG abnormalities correlate with cognitive deficits and clinical symptoms, suggesting their potential as diagnostic and prognostic tools. Early detection through EEG may enhance management strategies for patients transitioning from MCI to DLB.
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