Trends in Mortality Due to Ischemic Heart Diseases Among Parkinson Disease Patients in the United States: A Retrospective Analysis
Danish Ashraf1, Muzamil Akhtar2, Mohsin Ali3, Mehmood Akhtar3, Madelyn Ross4, Muhammad Inam Ul Haq4
1Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2Gujranwala Medical College, Gujranwala, Pakistan, 3Bolan Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan, 4Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, West Virginia, US
Objective:
To analyze the demographic trends in mortality rates due to ischemic heart diseases (IHD) in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the United States from 1999 to 2020.
Background:
PD is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular comorbidities, including IHD, particularly in older adults. Understanding mortality trends in PD patients with IHD is crucial for developing targeted interventions to reduce cardiovascular-related deaths in this vulnerable population.
Design/Methods:
Mortality data from 1999 to 2020 were extracted from the CDC WONDER database, using ICD-10 codes G20 for PD and I20-I25 for IHD. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000 were calculated for individuals aged 65 years and older, and trends were analyzed based on gender, year, race, region, and state. Annual percentage change (APC) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was computed using joinpoint regression.
Results:
A total of 70,065 deaths were reported due to IHD in individuals with PD. The AAMR decreased from 13.1 in 1999 to 5.6 in 2020, though there was a notable increase in AAMR between 2018 and 2020 (APC: 3.32*; 95% CI, 0.43 - 5.38). Males consistently exhibited higher AAMRs than females (Male AAMR: 12.1 vs. Female AAMR: 4.8). Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest AAMR at 8.2, followed by Hispanics (5.9) and NH Asians (4.9). Regionally, the Northeast had the highest AAMR (9.1), while the South recorded the lowest (6.3). At the state level, New York had the highest AAMR (11.4), while Georgia reported the lowest (4.0).
Conclusions:
Our analysis reveals a general decrease in deaths due to IHD among individuals with PD. However, the recent increase in mortality rates from 2018 to 2020 warrants further investigation. The findings highlight gender, racial, and regional disparities that may necessitate targeted interventions to alleviate cardiovascular risks in the PD population.
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