Case Discussion:
49-year-old presented with sudden onset right hemiparesis and dysarthria with an NIHSS of 16. CTA showed left M1 occlusion. IV TNK was given followed by thrombectomy with TICI 2B. DSA demonstrated luminal irregularity with significant contrast stagnation in the left carotid bulb, consistent with a CaW. Stroke workup revealed a small PFO on Transthoracic echocardiogram and a small provoked DVT in the femoral vein ipsilateral to femoral access. After thorough discussion, cardiac source or paradoxical embolic from DVT is ruled out. Given the CaW and the provoked DVT, we opted for anticoagulation for 3 months followed by carotid artery stenting with no stroke recurrence.
Several imaging modalities such as thin cut CT angiography, MRI Axial T2 images, and digital subtraction angiography can be helpful in diagnosing Caw. Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) with contrast, Spin Echo, and cineFSE can demonstrate slow blood flow and atypical pulsatility near the CaW, creating turbulent blood flow and forming a potential substrate for recurrent thrombus formation. There is no clear consensus for secondary stroke prevention management for CaW. Antiplatelets are sufficient but short-term AC is needed for patients with carotid thrombus.