Objective:

To discuss the overdiagnosis of ASD in the pediatric outpatient setting and the challenges encountered in applying DSM-5 criteria and providing adequate clinical management.

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is diagnosed based on DSM-5 criteria, with early identification being crucial for appropriate management. However, overdiagnosis has become a growing concern, often associated with medical inexperience. This study explores the challenges of accurately diagnosing and managing children with ASD in the pediatric outpatient setting.

Design/Methods:

This is a reflective experience based on the observations and impressions of medical students during the care of children with suspected ASD in a pediatric outpatient clinic. The reflections focus on the diagnostic process and management, without describing specific cases.

Results:

Overdiagnosis was observed in cases of children with developmental delays or atypical behaviors who did not meet the DSM-5 criteria for ASD. The lack of experience among professionals contributed to early and inaccurate diagnoses. Children correctly diagnosed with ASD received multidisciplinary interventions, such as occupational and behavioral therapies, showing improvements in social and communication skills.

Conclusions:

Overdiagnosis can lead to negative consequences, such as family anxiety and misallocation of resources. Continuous training of professionals is essential for precise evaluation, and avoiding unnecessary labels. While combating prejudice is important, the main focus should be on careful diagnosis and effective management, ensuring proper care for children and their families.