Objective:

Tracing the historical development of multiple sclerosis (MS) from its initial recognition in the 19th century to current understanding and treatment methods, with a focus on important milestones and influential individuals.

Background:

Jean-Martin Charcot provided the first comprehensive description of multiple sclerosis, a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting the central nervous system, in 1868. His identification of symptoms such as tremors, nystagmus, and speech impairments laid the foundation for future MS research. Over time, the understanding of its pathology, progression, and treatment has advanced significantly, transitioning from vague theories to a detailed understanding of demyelination and neuroinflammation.

Design/Methods:

- Charcot’s Groundbreaking Work: Highlighting his clinical observations and the establishment of MS as a distinct disease.
- Progress in Pathophysiology: Examining the role of autoimmune mechanisms and the impact of neurodegeneration on functional outcomes.
- Evolution of Diagnosis: Tracing the transition from early clinical diagnostic criteria to the integration of advanced neuroimaging techniques, particularly MRI, which transformed diagnosis in the late 20th century.
- Innovations in Treatment: Documenting the progression of treatment from basic symptom management to the development of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including the introduction of interferons in the 1990s, monoclonal antibodies, and recent oral therapies targeting disease progression.

Results:

Visual aids including early clinical descriptions, a timeline of crucial discoveries, and treatment milestones. Historical case studies demonstrating patient experiences, supplemented by images from important publications in neurology.

Conclusions:

History of MS showcases notable progress in understanding and treating a complex neuroimmunological condition. This continual journey underscores the potential of future research, offering hope for improved patient outcomes through innovative therapeutic approaches and comprehensive care strategies.