Pridopidine is an oral small molecule and potent sigma-1 receptor agonist.
Eligible participants had El Escorial possible, probable, or definite ALS, symptom onset <36mo and vital capacity >50%-predicted. Pridopidine 45mg bid (n=121) was compared to a shared placebo (n=164). Primary endpoint was change from baseline through 24 weeks in ALSFRS-R total (Full Analysis Set, FAS). Secondary and exploratory endpoints included speech, respiration, and quality of life measurements. Prespecified and post-hoc subgroups included definite+probable ALS, early (<18mo symptom onset) and fast progressors (prebaseline slope<-1). Nominal p-values are reported.
Pridopidine was well tolerated, consistent with prior safety profile. Primary endpoint was not met in the FAS. Significant speech improvements were observed in the FAS, and post-hoc analysis of definite+probable ALS, early and fast progressors (pridopidine n=20; placebo n=14), showed a greater improvement in speaking rate (Δ1.08, p<0.0001 and articulation rate (Δ1.03, p<0.0001).
In definite ALS and early participants, pridopidine trended favorably in ALSFRS-R progression (Δ2.4, p=0.19) and respiratory domain (Δ1.04, p=0.18), and improved in dyspnea (Δ1.35, p=0.014). Definite+probable ALS, early and fast progressors showed a greater improvement in ALSFRS-R (Δ5.2, p=0.04). Less decline on the ALSAQ-40 quality of life scale (Δ -10.83, p=0.018), in eating & drinking (Δ-19.18, p=0.015) and a trend in communication (Δ-13.04, p=0.12) were seen in definite ALS and early participants. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a prolongation of median survival time, from ~300 to 600 days in definite+probable ALS and early participants (n=37) compared to the delayed-start (168 days) placebo participants (n=12) (log rank test: p=0.069).
Beneficial effects of pridopidine were observed in speech (FAS) and multiple measures of disease progression (post-hoc subgroups). This includes an increase in survival time for definite+probable ALS & early participants. These observations inform the ongoing planning for a Phase 3 study.