A Retrospective Analysis of 100 Consecutive Cases of Stroke in Young Patients with 3 Months Follow-up in a Single Advanced Stroke Center, India
Vijaya Pamidimukkala1, Naren Polavarapu2, Ramachandra Prasad Yelamanchi2, Usha Kiran Behera2, Bhargavi M2, Srinivasa Rao Nutakki3, Veeramma Uppala2, Anurag Polavarapu4, Raghava Sarma Polavarapu4
1Lalitha Super Specialities Hospitals, 2Neurology, Lalitha super specialities Hospital, 3Lalitha super specialities Hospital, 4Lalitha super Specialities Hospital
Objective:
To study the incidence, type, etiology and demographic features of stroke in young adults in a tertiary care centre.
Background:
Stroke in young adults in a rare occurrence with diverse pathogenesis and risk factors. Recent studies have shown the increasing incidence of stroke in young adults with traditional risk factors, although the contribution of these risk factors to the pathogenesis is unknown.
Design/Methods:
A retrospective review of the data of the stroke patients aged between 18 to 45 years from the hospital stroke registry was performed. Data regarding the clinical and demographic profiles, , Diagnostic tests, stroke subtyping ( TOAST), treatment received and modified rankin scale (mRS) at admission, discharge and three months follow-up were examined.
Results:
Out of 520 patients admitted to our hospital with stroke 100 patients were within the age group of 18 to 45 (median 40 y; range 19 to 45) majority were male patients( 78%). Ischemic stroke constituted around 77% of patients followed by Spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (17%) and venous stroke (6%). The risk factors were HTN (63%), DM (28%), Smoking – 47%, Alcohol – 50%, Obesity (BMI > 30) - 12 %. Of the ischemic strokes, large Artery atherosclerosis( 51%) was the most common subtype followed by stroke of undetermined(27%) and cardioembolic stoke (10.4%) Small artery occlusion (9%) and Determined (2.6%).
Conclusions:
Young adults constitute around 19% of all the stroke patients. The traditional risk factors are more prevalent in these population than expected, and higher proportion of patients are classified into large artery atherosclerosis. These observations point towards the need for aggressive management of the traditional risk factors.