Objective:

To explore the life and historical significance of James Walker Dawson in the field of neurology and autoimmune neurology 

Background:

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most prevalent neurologic disorders in the world. James Walker Dawson examined, in considerable depth, the gross and histologic patterns of MS. Today, periventricular plaques that exhibit an appearance typical for demyelination are nicknamed “Dawson’s Fingers.”

Design/Methods:

A literature review was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar to find articles that chronicle the personal and professional life of James Walker Dawson. Research focused on Dawson’s work with disseminated sclerosis, or MS as it is known today.

Results:

Born in India, Dawson and his family moved to Scotland as a child, where he studied at the Edinburgh Institution. After earning his medical degree, Dawson started his career at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. While his early career focused on the study of wound healing and inflammation, Dawson transitioned into neurologic research under the guidance of Dr. Alexander Bruce in 1908. Dawson’s landmark manuscript, “The Histology of Disseminated Sclerosis,” published in 1916, featured findings from extensive research on the pathology of MS in nine patients.

Conclusions:

James Walker Dawson's findings earned him recognition as a founder of autoimmune neurology and the foremost contributor to the current understanding of MS.