Chikashi Yano1, Eiji Matsuura1, Tomonori Nakamura1, Masahiro Ando1, Yu Hiramatsu1, Satoshi Nozuma1, Yujiro Higuchi1, Yusuke Sakiyama1, Akihiro Hashiguchi1, Kumiko Michizono1, Keiko Higashi1, Hiroshi Takashima1
1Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Kagoshima University
Objective:
To assess visual evoked potential (VEP) findings in the optic neuritis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and their efficacy in distinguishing MOGAD from multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).
Background:
MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD are inflammatory conditions affecting the central nervous system, all of which may manifest as optic neuritis. The evaluation of optic neuritis entails VEP testing, with well-documented distinct VEP patterns observed in MS and NMOSD. While optic neuritis frequently occurs in MOGAD, there exists limited documentation regarding VEP findings in optic neuritis associated with MOGAD.
Design/Methods:
We retrospectively examined the clinical manifestations and VEP findings in 25 MS patients, 12 NMOSD patients, and 8 MOGAD patients, with or without optic neuritis, who had undergone VEP study at Kagoshima University Hospital, Japan.
Results:
In MOGAD patients, VEP responses were detectable in all cases, and there was no difference in amplitude between those with and without visual impairment. In contrast, in NMOSD, among the 7 eyes with acute visual impairment, 3 eyes were not detectable VEP response. Among the 6 eyes in MOGAD patients with visual impairment, all showed a prolongation of P100 latency. Among the 10 eyes without visual impairment, only 2 eyes exhibited prolonged P100 latency. In MS, among 40 eyes without visual symptoms, 24 eyes had prolonged P100 latency.
Conclusions:
Our investigation revealed that in MS and NMOSD patients, there were many cases of undetectable VEP response, and abnormalities were more readily observed even in clinically normal eyes. In contrast, in MOGAD patients, all exhibited detectable VEP response, and VEP abnormalities tended to correlate with clinical symptoms.